Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Khaldūn or Ibn Khaldoun (full name, Arabic: أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون ‎, Abū Zayd ‘Abdu r-Raḥman bin Muḥammad bin Khaldūn Al-Hadrami, (May 27, 1332 AD/732 AH – March 19, 1406 AD/808 AH) was a North African Arab polymath — an astronomer, economist, historian, Islamic scholar, Islamic theologian, hafiz, jurist, lawyer, mathematician, military strategist, nutritionist, philosopher, social scientist and statesman—born in North Africa in present-day Tunisia. He is considered a forerunner of several social scientific disciplines: demography,cultural history, historiography, the philosophy of history, and sociology. While he is considered one of the forerunners of modern economics, he is preceded by the Indian scholar-philosopher Chanakya.He is considered by many to be the father of a number of these disciplines, and of social sciences in general, for anticipating many elements of these disciplines centuries before they were founded in the West. He is best known for his Muqaddimah (known as Prolegomenon in the West), the first volume of his book on universal history, Kitab al-Ibar.

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Coffee in the Afternoon

It was afternoon tea, with tea foods spread out
Like in the books, except that it was coffee.

She made a tin pot of cowboy coffee, from memory,
That’s what we used to call it, she said, cowboy coffee.

The grounds she pinched up in her hands, not a spoon,
And the fire on the stove she made from a match.

I sat with her and talked, but the talk was like the tea food,
A little of this and something from the other plate as well,

Always with a napkin and a thank-you. We sat and visited
And I watched her smoke cigarettes

Until the afternoon light was funny in the room,
And then we said our good-byes. The visit was liniment,

The way the tea was coffee, a confusion plain and nice,
A balm for the nerves of two people living in the world,

A balm in the tenor of its language, which spoke through our hands
In the small lifting of our cups and our cakes to our lips.

It was simplicity, and held only what it needed.
It was a gentle visit, and I did not see her again.

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One Morning

Looking for distinctive stones, I found the dead otter
rotting by the tideline, and carried all day the scent of this savage
valediction. That headlong high sound the oystercatcher makes
came echoing through the rocky cove
where a cormorant was feeding and submarining in the bay
and a heron rose off a boulder where he’d been invisible,
drifted a little, stood again — a hieroglyph
or just longevity reflecting on itself
between the sky clouding over and the lightly ruffled water.

This was the morning after your dream of dying, of being held
and told it didn’t matter. A butterfly went jinking over
the wave-silky stones, and where I turned
to go up the road again, a couple in a blue camper sat
smoking their cigarettes over their breakfast coffee (blue
scent of smoke, the thick dark smell of fresh coffee)
and talking in quiet voices, first one then the other answering,
their radio telling the daily news behind them. It was warm.
All seemed at peace. I could feel the sun coming off the water.

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Hand Shadows

My father put his hands in the white light
of the lantern, and his palms became a horse
that flicked its ears and bucked; an alligator
feigning sleep along the canvas wall leapt up
and snapped its jaws in silhouette, or else
a swan would turn its perfect neck and drop
a fingered beak toward that shadowed head
to lightly preen my father’s feathered hair.
Outside our tent, skunks shuffled in the woods
beneath a star that died a little every day,
and from a nebula of light diffused
inside Orion’s sword, new stars were born.
My father’s hands became two birds, linked
by a thumb, they flew one following the other.

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Some Learning Tips

1. Set Goals
It’s often much easier to motivate yourself to work if you have something to aim for. Goals can be short or long term. A short term goal in learning English might be to learn enough to be able to book a hotel room. A longer term aim could be to attend a University in a foreign country, or get a 6.5 on the IELTS exam.
2. Be Prepared to Work Hard
Learning a language is generally not easy. Most people have other things to do in their lives apart from learning English. You need to realize this and be patient with regard to your progress. But you won’t achieve much if you don’t put in the effort. There are many quality instructors for you. However, your progress depends a lot on you.
3. Make Time
Many of us lead busy lives and find it hard to fit new things into an already established routine. Learning English can be requires discipline. You need to set aside time for your learning and be prepared to study during that time. Putting things off because you’re too tired is ok every now and then, but it shouldn’t become a habit. Make English an indispensable part of your schedule.
4. Ask Questions
We don’t expect students to be sponges. You can’t expect to absorb everything and not have any questions to ask. Don’t be afraid to ask questions. Teachers are here to help.
5. Do Some Extra-curricular Work
Having a teacher to instruct and guide you is vital. However, you can also study independently in fact; this will be more likely to make you a successful language learner. Don’t wait until it’s time for class to pull out your English books.
6. Watch English Movies
This is a great way to pick up colloquial English and practice listening. You don’t need to be able to understand every word to understand what is happening in a movie. Turn on the English Subtitles to help with understanding – this is a great way to practice reading also. Choose movies that you are more likely to be able to follow. Movies with short dialogue, separated by long sequences of no dialogue are ideal, as they allow time to absorb the language. Romantic movies tend to fall into this category.
7. Reading
Reading is a fantastic way to learn new vocabulary. Try reading short stories rather than long novels. These are often broken down into short chapters which can be read and then analyzed for language. Don’t feel that you have to understand every word. Try to get the general meaning. Underline unknown words and try to guess their meaning from context. You can use your dictionary later to look them up and check if you were right. Use graded readers. These tend to have questions designed to test comprehension of what you have just read.

try my tip… good luck

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Porridge Friable Chicken

Materials:
100 gm rice 5 gm fried shallots 2 coconut milk cup
Pandan a leaf Material sliced: 2 stalks lemon grass 4 shallot comment
4 sm ginger 2 clove garlic
4 sm cinnamon
300 gm chicken (diricik fine)
2 scallions
4 star anise bud
200 gm ghee
1 ½ litre water
2 gm cardamom

Way:
Heat oil, include pandan leaf, garlic, shallot, cinnamon, cardamom and star anise. Sauter to rose perfume and smelling fragrant. Include water and rice. When rice already expand, add salt, coconut milk, chicken that had diricik and ripen to a boil. Serve with spring onion fried shallots and slice.

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